Wat Aham, Luang Prabang, Laos
ภาพ วัดอาฮามอุตุมะธานี เมืองหลวงพระบาง สปป.ลาว. (Wat Aham, Luang Prabang, Laos)
Wat Aham, Luang Prabang, Laos
Photo Gallery
Asian Historical Architecture.
ขอบคุณ ภาพและข้อมูล จาก http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/sid/442/laos/luang-prabang/wat-aham.
จาก Photo Gallery, Asian Historical Architecture.
Wat Aham (built c. 1818 onward)
Wat Aham, the "Monastery of the Opened Heart" much of the time is serene, except when children from the nearby school are passing through the grounds. The serenity is also in contrast to its sometimes contentious past when it served as a mediating, or perhaps meeting, ground between the animist religion of spirit guardians and Theravada Buddhism.
The wat lies adjacent to Wat Wisunalat and that monastery's uniquely impressive That Makmo (the Watermelon Stupa). The date of the founding of Wat Aham itself is not known, though there was a wat on the site before King Manthatourath (r. 1817-1836) constructed the fine present Luang Prabang style sim in 1818 (some suggest 1822 or 1823). The sim has a relatively simple form with similar porches on the southeast and northwest facades; there are no external lateral galleries. Stylized stucco tigers guard the front entry steps, and statues of temple guardians Ravana and Hanuman (central figures of the Indian Ramayana epic and its Laotian counterpart, the Phalak Phalam) stand at the southern and eastern corners of the frontal porch. Unlike a number of other Luang Prabang sims, there is no external decoration on the walls of the porch at the frontal facade. The sim has a triple layered roof with two segments above the primary roof structure. There are a number of mildewed stupas on the grounds as well as two large and quite significant Bhodi (banyan or Bo), trees where there is a shrine of the royal spirit protector, Haw Phi Khon.
The interior of the sim is bright and colorful. Structural elements of pillars and beams are painted in reds and gold, while the interior walls are covered with murals depicting Buddhist theological precepts, scenes of a variety of torture and suffering experienced by those who inflicted evil on others, as well as elements reflective of the historic past of the city.
The site on which Wat Aham presently stands has historical and cultural importance that stem in part from religious conflicts and tensions in the sixteenth century. The founder of the Lan Xang kingdom, Fa Ngum (r. 1353-1373), a Lao prince raised at the Khmer court at Angkor, established here a tutelary shrine for worshiping the guardian spirits of Luang Prabang (devata luang), Pu No and Na No (Phou Nheu and Nha Nheu). Fa Ngum also made Theravada Buddhism the state religion. Beginning in 1527, however, the devout ruler of the Lan Xang kingdom, King Photthisarat (r. 1520-1548) began a concerted attack on the worship of the guardian spirits. He banned religious ceremonies in their honor, destroyed their shrines and erected a Buddhist monastery on the site of the former spirit shrine (this was an earlier, not the present monastery). Some discrete worship of the guardian spirits continued despite the ban. Shortly after the attacks on the guardian spirits the city was beset by a number of crises, including disease, drought and crop failure; in the popular mind the destruction of the shrines had brought the disasters. After King Sai Setthathirat (r. 1548-1571) moved the royal capital to Vientiane in 1563, the spirit shrine was rebuilt. The spirit gods and Buddhism lived together until the mid-twentieth century, when the spirit shrine was destroyed. The spirits of Pu No and Na No, by this time had achieved embodiment in the two large banyan (bodhi, or bo) trees that stood on the monastery grounds. Such trees are usually identified as symbolic of the Enlightenment of the Buddha.
For much of the nineteenth century, before Wat Mai succeeded toward the end of the century, Wat Aham served as the residence of the Sangkhalat, or the Supreme Patriarch of Laotian Buddhism; at the same time it also remained the center of devata luang worship. There is a small structure on the grounds that continues to hold ancestral wooden ritualistic masks associated with the guardian spirits. During Bun Pi (Mai Pimay), the Laotian Lunar New Year, the masks are taken from their storage (in gilded chests suspended by ropes above the ground) to play an important role, the "Dance of the Masks" in the pageantry of the festival.
Even though Wat Aham no longer is at the very center of the city's religious activities, it remains vitally significant to the heritage of Luang Prabang with its combination of intertwined guardian spirits and Buddhist practices becoming especially visible during festival periods. It thus continues to serve as a significant religious center of Luang Prabang.
Text by Robert D. Fiala, Concordia University, Nebraska, USA
Location
The approximate location of the site is 19.887707' N, 102.138138' E (WGS 84 map datum).
จาก Photo Gallery, Asian Historical Architecture.
จาก Photo Gallery, Asian Historical Architecture.
จาก Photo Gallery, Asian Historical Architecture.
จาก Photo Gallery, Asian Historical Architecture.
จาก Photo Gallery, Asian Historical Architecture.
จาก Photo Gallery, Asian Historical Architecture.
จาก Photo Gallery, Asian Historical Architecture.
จาก Photo Gallery, Asian Historical Architecture.
จาก Photo Gallery, Asian Historical Architecture.
จาก Photo Gallery, Asian Historical Architecture.
จาก Photo Gallery, Asian Historical Architecture.
จาก Photo Gallery, Asian Historical Architecture.
จาก Photo Gallery, Asian Historical Architecture.
จาก Photo Gallery, Asian Historical Architecture.
จาก Photo Gallery, Asian Historical Architecture.
จาก Photo Gallery, Asian Historical Architecture.
จาก Photo Gallery, Asian Historical Architecture.
จาก Photo Gallery, Asian Historical Architecture.
จาก Photo Gallery, Asian Historical Architecture.
จาก Photo Gallery, Asian Historical Architecture.
ขอบคุณ ภาพและข้อมูล จาก http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/sid/442/laos/luang-prabang/wat-aham.
ข้อมูลจาก fb:ສິລະປະລ້ານຊ້າງ ศิลปะล้านช้าง (ลว.1 กุมภาพันธ์ 2014 )
ตอบลบ...ວັດອາຮາມ: ສ້າງຂຶ້ນໃນ ຄ.ສ 1822 ໃນລາດຊະການຂອງເຈົ້າມັນທາຕຸລາດ ເປັນແບບທຳມະດາຂອງຫລວງພຣະບາງໃນສະຕະວັດທີ 19 .ໃນຄ.ສ 1931ໄດ້ມີການສ້ອມແປງຄືນ.ສະຖານທີ່ດັ່ງກ່າວເຄີຍຖືກເລືອກໄວ້ເພື່ອເປັນຫໍໄຫວ້ຂອງເຈົ້າອາຮັກຫລັກເມືອງ (ປູ່ເຍີຍ່າເຍີ).
...Wat Aham was originally constructed in 1527 on the site of the ancient animist shrine to the legendary Khun Burom's loyal servants Phou Nheu and Nha Nheu, who are revered as devata luang of Muang Sua. This shrine was demolished by the wat's founder, devout Buddhist King Photisarath, following the promulgation of an edict to ban the worship of spirits, but was subsequently maintained and may still be seen today within the compound of the wat, complete with its ritual wooden masks and horsehair costumes. An example of Luang Prabang Style III (Xieng Khouang Style) temple architecture, the present sim was rebuilt in 1818 by King Manthatourath (1819-1837).
พระอุโบสถวัดอาฮามสร้างโดยพระเจ้ามังทาตุราชในปีพ.ศ. 2365 ด้านข้างพระอุโบสถจะเป็นที่ตั้งของหอเสื้อเมืองหรือหอ “ปู่เยอ-ย่าเยอ” หลังคามีลักษณะซ้อนกันอยู่ 3 ชั้นตรงกลางสันหลังคามีช่อฟ้ารูปทรงแปลกตาจากวัดทั่วไปในหลวงพระบาง ข้างบันไดทางขึ้นพระอุโบสถด้านหน้ามีรูปปั้นสิงห์ลอยตัว ทาด้วยปูนขาวถัดออกไปด้านข้างทั้งสองด้านเป็นรูปปั้นยักษ์ลอยตัวบางตำรากล่าวว่าเป็นทวารบาล พระอุโบสถได้รับการบูรณะในปีพ.ศ. 2474 และค้นพบโบราณวัตถุมีค่าหลายชิ้นที่ฝังอยู่ใต้พระอุโบสถ หน้าพระอุโบสถมีพระธาตุ 2 องค์องค์หนึ่งเป็นพระธาตุทรงแปดเหลี่ยมในอดีตมีหอคลุมอยู่ อีกองค์เป็นพระธาตุย่อมุมบริเวณมุมฐานทั้งสี่ด้านประดับด้วยเสารูปดอกบัว ด้านข้างวัดอาฮามมีประตูเล็กๆสามารถเดินเพื่อเข้าไปชม พระธาตุหมากโม ในเขตวัดวิชุลและพระอุโบสถได้อย่างสะดวก
Moonfleet Chiangmai.
10 เมษายน พ.ศ.2560
10.04.2017